Jacquaed-loom for weaving cut-prle fabrics



4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. B. BIGELOW.

Patented Mar-.18, 1851.

4 Sheets Sh'eet :2.

E. BjBIGELOW.

LOOM.

110.79 3, Patented Ma 1-8, 1851 4'Sheets-Sheet a E. BIGELOW.

L'OOM.

No. 7,933. Patented Mar. 18, 1851.

4 sheets silet 4.

' B. B. BIGBLOW.

LOOM'.

- No. 7,983. Patented Mar. 18, 18151.

To all whom it may concern:

ED STATES rarest one as. B GELow, or oL Nro Massaonnsnrrs.

Mc ueenoom For. WEAVING cUr-rmn rABn-Ics.

Specification of Letters l atent No. 7,983 dated March 18-, 1851.

all the figures.

My invention relates to power looms for weaving cut piled fabrics double in. connection withithe jacquard for producing the figures the'reona' most desirable union and one which has never before :to my knowledge been accomplished. U .j 1

i The firstpart ofmy invention consists in combining withthe loom for weaving out piled fabrics double a jacquard for operating the figuring warps in the two fabrics.

The second part of my invention relates to the disposition offlthe warps for weaving out pile fabrics double with figures thereon produced by the jacquard, and it consists in dividing the figuring warps, so

that onehalf of the threads shall be moon-1 nection with each cloth, so that the colors required for the figure can be selected from the top and carried to and tied into the bottom cloth, or vice .versa. By this means I am enabled either to produce fabrics with a greater variety of colors in the figure for the number of warps woven intoythe body of the fabrics, or, with the same variety or number of colors to produce a thicker pile in proportiontothe number of figuring warps woven into the body of the cloth. To illustrate this. Inthe usual mode of weaving cut piled fabrics there must be as many figuring warps as there are colors in the figure; so that if the figure consists of six colors in any one part of the fabric, the pile will be formed of one, the other five being woven into the body of the fabric. "While in my new plan forthe same? number ofcolors, therewill be one forming the pile and only two woven into the body of the cloth. The third part ofiny invention relates to the arrangement ofthe jacquard for the purpose specified, and "consists in arranging the jacquard in two parts, one to operate the figuring warps connected with the bottom cloth, and operating in manner similar to j the ordinary jacquard, and the other to operate the figuring warps connected with the upper cloth, and arranged in a reversed manner as hereinafter fully described.

The fourth part of my invention relates to the. method of determiningthe space between the two cloths to measure the length of pile, and consists in the employment of two vibrating bars with a space between them for the passage of the double fabric,

and equal to the intended thickness of the two fabrics with the pile between them, the front faces of said bars being curved so thatthe two fabrics as they areseparated by the cutting of the pile shall be carried one up and the other down and thence around rollers to the take up rollers or beams. And this partof my invention also consists in combining with the two curved bars above referred to a long vibrating knife or knives with the cutting edge or edges in a line midway between the edges of the said.

bars, thewhole being so arranged as to vibrate freely at the beat of the lathe and the shedding of the warps.

In the accompanying drawings a represents the frame of a loom with my improvements in connection with so much of the loom as is necessary simply to indicate the connections. The ground warps b and o of the two cloths pass from beams (Z, (Z, in the usual way, and thefiguring warps e and pass from bobbins in the usual way.

The harnesses for operating the ground warps are not represented as'they make no part of my invention. Allthe warps, after passing through the harness and reed of the lathe g are united in a double fabric h,

which. passes through a space between two bars 1?, 2', so far apart as to determine the thickness of the two fabrics with the pile between them. Opposite to the middle of the space between the two bars there is a long knife 7' with its back fitted to slide in a groove in a bar is at. the upper end of a frame Z the sides of which are hung on journalsm at their sides near the lower end.

The knife is longer than the breadth of the fabricand one end projects outat one side of the frame, and is there jointed to one end of a lever n, the other end of which embraces an eccentric 0 on a shaft {1, which receives motion from a lathe shaft 9 by means of beveled pinions 1", '1", so that the rotation of the eccentric gives a vibratory motion to the knife for cutting the pile, so as to separate the two fabrics. The two bars 2', 2', before mentioned are mounted in the same frame with the knife and have their front face curved, so that as the two fabrics are separated, they are carried around the curved faces of the two bars, one up and the other down and around two rollers 8, s, hung in the same frame with the bars, and thence the two fabrics are carried to the two sets of take up rollers t, t, operated in the usual way and mounted in the main frame of the loom. The two cloths are kept apart to keep the warps that form the pile distended by the oblique pull of the main part of the warps and by the separation of the two fabrics as they pass around the curved faces of the bars z', 2'.

Instead of the single knife above specified I contemplate using two knives one above the other and in contact and both with serrated or sickle edges like a fine saw but brought to sharp edges that they may act in the manner of shears. These two knives are to be mounted and operated each like the single knife above described, but the two eccentrics by which they are to be operated are mounted on opposite sides, so that the two knives shall move in opposite directions.

It was above stated that the bars and knife were mounted on the upper end of a frame which is free to vibrate in journals at its lower end; this is to give the required play to the fabric at the time the lathe beats up and to the opening of the shed. As the lathe beats up, a stop a (which I prefer to make in the form of a set screw), attached to the lathe strikes against the frame (to prevent the reed from striking the bars 2', z',) and carries it forward, and as the lathe moves back, the frame is carried back by the action of two eccentrics u, e, on a shaft 20, deriving motion by bevel wheels 00, w, from the shaft that carries the eccentric of the vibrating knife. The figuring warps f, of the lower cloth pass through the mails (in the usual way) of a series of cords y, that pass through the holes of a comber board 2 below the jacquard, each cord having a knot in it so that all of these cords can be lifted up together by the upward movement of the said comber board when opening the shed .to throw the ground or back pick. The ends of the comber board work in slides a in the sides of the frame, and to each end of the said board is jointed a connecting rod 6 which is in turn jointed to the end of a lever a operated by a cam 03 on the cam shaft 6'. The cam d is so shaped as to lift the comber board just before the ground or back shot is thrown, the cam shaft being so geared as to make one revolution to three of the lathe shaft. From the comber board the cords pass up and through the guide board f, thence through the trap board 9 and thence to the permanent suspension board to which they are attached. As this trap board is operated in the same manner as the ordinary jacquard, it is unnecessary to give a description of it. The figuring warps e of the top cloth pass through the mails of a series of cords it that pass through holes in the comber board butwithout knots so that they are simply guided but not lifted by this board. They then pass through the holes of a guide board 2', thence through the trapboard j, up to and attached to a movable suspension board is connected by connecting rods Z Z with arms m m on a rock shaft n which is provided with other arms 0, 0 connected with the trap board first described, so that as the trap board that governs the figuring warps of the bottom cloth ascends, this suspension board descends, and vice versa. The rock shaft 12, is operated by a connecting rod 0 jointed to the end of a lever 79 operated by a cam g on the cam shaft. The trap board 7', is connected by rods 1" r with the arms .9, s, of a rock shaft 6 which is operated by a connecting rod u jointed to one of the levers that operate the comber board; and as the rod 24 is connected with an arm 2) of the rock shaft opposite to the arms connected with the trap board j, it follows that the comber board that acts on the figuring warps of the bottom cloth will ascend as the trap board that governs the warps of the top cloth descends, and vice versa. The cams are so formed that the -movable suspension board that carries the cords connected with the top cloth begins to descend before the tra 9 board, that the cords selected by the cards may be trapped before this board begins to descend, and as soon as the trapping has been effected the two descend together to the middle line, that all the figuring warps may be carried sufficiently down to open the shed preparatory to the throwing of the ground or back shotof the top cloth. While these movements have taken place in relation to the warps of the top cloth, the other part of the jacquard has been operating on the warps connected with the bottom cloth which will be now described. The trap board begins to ascend to trap the cords before the comber board moves to insure the trapping and then the trapboard and comber board ascend together to carry all the figuring warps of the bottom cloth to the middle line preparatory to throwing the ground or back shot of the bottom cloth. Both sets of warps being in that condition as shown in Fig. 2, the two ground or back shots are thrown.

The suspension board then completes its down motion to carry down that part of the 7,983 i a a 8 top figuring warps which have been selected for the figure that they may be tied into the bottom cloth, the trap board ascending at the same time to make the upperpart of the shed of the upper ply, that the warps not required for the figure may be woven into the body of the upper cloth. At the same time the trap board that governs the warp of thelower cloth has completed its up motion to carry from the lower warp the threads that have been selected for the figure that they may be tied into the upper cloth, and the comber board has descended to make the lower part of the shed of the lower ply that the bottom warps not wanted for the figure maybe woven into the body of the bottom cloth, and as the warps are in this condition, as shownin Fig. 4, the two tie shots are then thrown,that is, one tie shot for each cloth. on After the two tie shots have been thrown the suspension board is lifted to carry back from the bottom to the top the figuring warps of the top-cloth, and the trap board that governs the lower warp is de pressed to carry back the figuring warps that were tied in the upper cloth. In this way the warps selected for the figureare crossed andcarriedback toftheir respective cloths, as shown in Fig. 3; the second tie shot is thrown in each cloth, and then the apparatus is. ready to commence a new operation. The needles for operating the knot cords are placed midway between the two trap boards, and as they are of the usual construction and "mounted inthe usual way, asalso the card prism, it is not deemed necessary to give a description of any of these parts, except to say that one half the needles are connectedwith the cordsof one part of the jacquard, and the other half with the remaining cords.

I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to the precise construction and arrangement of parts herein specified, as these may be greatly varied within the principle of my invention. a

What I claim as my invention and desire or fabrics, substantially in the manner and for the purpose specified.

3. For the weaving of cut pile fabrics double as described the double and reversed arrangement of the jacquard, substantially as described.

4. In the weaving of fabrics of the kind herein described, passing the double fabric between two vibrating bars having curved faces to determine the length of pile between the two cloths, in combination with the two rollers or their equivalents over and under which the fabrics pass after they have been separated, substantially as described; and this I also claim in combination with a vibrating knife or knives for cutting the pile to separate the two fabrics, as described.

E. B. BIGELOW. Witnesses:

ALEX. PORTER BROWN, C. A WM. BBOWNE. 

